EVs battery types & its components, advantages & Disadvantages
EVs battery types & its components, advantages & disadvantages
Batteries are the major energy source for an electric vehicle. Ever since the first battery was invented and till today there are battery inventions are taking place. The invention of different kinds of batteries is done to get the desired performance of electric vehicles at an affordable cost.
There are some of the prominent battery types such as lead-acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-Zn, Zn/air, Ni-MH, Na/S, Li-polymer and Li-ion batteries etc. These different batteries have their own pros and cons. Here in this article, we will discuss the common battery types and their basic components, advantages and disadvantages.
EVs battery types & its components, advantages & Disadvantages
Battery Type
Components
Advantage
Disadvantage
Lead-acid
Negative active material: Spongy lead
Positive active material: Lead oxide
Electrolyte: diluted sulfuric acid
Available in production
volume
Comparatively low in cost
Mature technology as used for over fifty years
Cannot discharge more than 20% of its capacity
Has a limited life cycle if operated on a deep rate of SOC
NiMH (Nickel-
Metal Hydride
Electrolyte: alkaline solution
Positive electrode: nickel hydroxide
Negative electrode: an alloy of nickel, titanium, vanadium and other metals
Double energy density compared to lead-acid
Harmless to the environment
Recyclable
Safely operates at high voltage
Can store volumetric power and energy
Cycle life is longer
Resistant to over-charge & discharge
Operating temperature range is long
A reduced lifetime of around 200-300 cycles if discharged rapidly on high load currents
Reduced usable power because of the memory effect
Li-ion
(Lithium-Ion )
Positive electrode: oxidised cobalt material
Electrolyte: Lithium salt solution in an organic solvent
High energy density, twice of NiMH
Good performance at
high temperature
Recyclable
Low memory effect
High Specific power
High specific energy
Long battery life, around 1000 cycles
High Cost
Recharging still takes quite a long time, though better than most batteries
Ni-Zn
( Nickel-Zinc)
Positive electrode: nickel oxyhydroxide
Negative electrode: Zinc
High energy density
High power density
Uses low-cost material
Capable of deep cycle
Friendly to environment
Usable in a wide temperature range from -10 degree to 50 degree celsius
The fast growth of dendrite, preventing use in vehicles
Ni-Cd
(Nickel-Cadmium)
Positive electrode: nickel hydroxide
Negative electrode: cadmium
Long lifetime
Can discharge fully without
being damaged
Recyclable
Cadmium can cause pollution in case of not being properly disposed of
Costly for vehicular application
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